Nigute Tandukanya Helium Yera-Yera na Helium isanzwe?

Helium, nkikintu cya kabiri cyinshi cyane mu isanzure, kigira uruhare runini mubice byinshi hamwe nimiterere yihariye yumubiri na chimique. Muri byo, nubwo-bifite isuku nyinshiheliumkandi bisanzweheliumbyombihelium, bafite itandukaniro rikomeye mubyera, gushyira mubikorwa nibikorwa biranga.

Helium, nkikintu cya kabiri cyinshi cyane mu isanzure, kigira uruhare runini mubice byinshi hamwe nimiterere yihariye yumubiri na chimique. Muri byo, nubwo-bifite isuku nyinshiheliumkandi bisanzweheliumbyombihelium, bafite itandukaniro rikomeye mubyera, gushyira mubikorwa nibikorwa biranga.

Mbere ya byose,heliumni ibintu bya shimi bifite numero ya atome 2, ubucucike buke cyane, butagira ibara, impumuro nziza kandi idacanwa.Heliumikoreshwa cyane mugukonjesha, gushyushya, mu kirere, gukora semiconductor, gusesengura gaze nizindi nzego, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubushakashatsi bwa siyansi n’umusaruro w’inganda.

Kubyerekeranye n'inkomoko ya gaze, bisanzweheliumahanini bivaheliummuri gaze karemano, iboneka binyuze mu gutandukana no kwezwa.Heliumahanini ibaho mumasaka ya peteroli na gaze hamwe namasoko y'amazi yo munsi. Ibyingenzi byingenzi nihelium-4 isotope, hamwe nibirimo 0.0005% bya gaze. Ibisanzweheliumgaze ikora inzira yo kweza inganda kugirango ikureho ubuhehere, ogisijeni, azote, umwanda, nibindi, hanyuma bisanzweheliumgaze ifite isuku irenze irashobora kuboneka.

Isuku ryinshiheliumifite ubuziranenge bwo hejuru, mubisanzwe bivuga ubuziranenge burenga 99,999% ("icyenda" cyera). Isuku ryinshiheliumikoreshwa cyane mubushakashatsi bwa siyansi n’umusaruro w’inganda, nka magnetiki resonance ya kirimbuzi, magnesi zidasanzwe, lazeri, inganda zikoresha imashanyarazi nizindi nzego. Isuku ryinshiheliummuri rusange hakorwa ubundi buryo bwiza bwo gutandukana no kwezwa kugirango bikureho umwanda mwinshi no kugenzura ibipimo bya isotope kugirango bihureheliumibisabwa byera mubice byihariye.

Icya kabiri, mubijyanye no kweza, kwera cyaneheliumni isuku kuruta ibisanzwehelium. Ubusanzwe ubuziranenge bupimirwa ku bipimo nka "icyenda bitanu" (99,999%), "icyenda esheshatu" (99,9999%), na "icyenda" (99.99999%). Ubuziranenge bwo hejuru busabwa kugirango bwera cyaneheliumni ukubera ko mubice bimwe bisabwa, nkibikorwa bya semiconductor hamwe na magnetiki resonance ya nucleaire, ndetse no kuba hari umwanda wanduye bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere yibicuruzwa nibisubizo byubushakashatsi.

Icya gatatu, ubuziranenge-bwinshiheliumkandi bisanzweheliumnazo zitandukanye murwego rwo gusaba. Ibisanzweheliumikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusudira bisanzwe, gukata laser, gazi ya ductile gaz ikingira tekinoroji yo gusudira nizindi nzego. Muri iyi mirima, ibisabwa byera kuriheliumni bike, kandi birasanzweheliumirashobora guhuza byinshi mubikenewe. Isuku ryinshiheliumikoreshwa mubice bimwe na bimwe byubuhanga buhanitse, nko gukora fibre optique, gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse, ubushakashatsi bwingufu za kirimbuzi, gukora semiconductor, nibindi.

Usibye ubuziranenge hamwe nimirima ikoreshwa, hejuru-yeraheliumkandi bisanzweheliumnayo itandukanye mubikorwa biranga. Isuku ryinshiheliumifite ibiranga imiterere ihamye ya chimique, ubushyuhe bwiza bwumuriro nubucucike buke. Imiti ihagaze neza ituma bigora cyaneheliumkwitwara neza hamwe nibindi bintu, bityo bikaguma bihamye kandi byizewe mubigeragezo nibikorwa byinganda. Mugihe kimwe, ubushyuhe bwumuriro bw-isuku nyinshiheliumni nziza cyane, irenze kure iy'umwuka, ituma igira amahirwe menshi yo gukoresha mubikoresho bya firigo, umusaruro wa semiconductor, inganda za kirimbuzi nizindi nzego. Mubyongeyeho, ubucucike buke bwo hejuru-bweraheliumituma kandi igira uruhare runini mu kuvanga gaze, ishobora kugabanya neza ubwinshi nubwinshi bwamazi ya gaze ivanze.