Indlela yokwahlula i-Helium ecocekileyo kwi-Helium eqhelekileyo?

IHelium, njengeyesibini eyona nto ininzi kwindalo iphela, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkalo ezininzi kunye neempawu zayo ezizodwa kunye nemichiza. Phakathi kwabo, nangona ubunyulu obuphezului-heliumkwaye eqhelekileyoi-heliumzombinii-helium, banomahluko obalulekileyo wokuhlanzeka, ukusetyenziswa kunye neempawu zokusebenza.

IHelium, njengeyesibini eyona nto ininzi kwindalo iphela, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkalo ezininzi kunye neempawu zayo ezizodwa kunye nemichiza. Phakathi kwabo, nangona ubunyulu obuphezului-heliumkwaye eqhelekileyoi-heliumzombinii-helium, banomahluko obalulekileyo wokuhlanzeka, ukusetyenziswa kunye neempawu zokusebenza.

Okokuqala,i-heliumsisiqalelo sekhemikhali esinenombolo ye-athomu yesi-2, ingxinano ephantsi kakhulu, engenambala, ayinavumba kwaye ayinakutsha.IHeliumisetyenziswa kakhulu ekupholiseni, ukufudumeza, i-aerospace, ukuveliswa kwe-semiconductor, uhlalutyo lwegesi kunye neminye imimandla, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuphando lwezenzululwazi kunye nemveliso yemizi-mveliso.

Ngokubhekiselele kumthombo wegesi, eqhelekileyoi-heliumikakhulu ivelai-heliumkwigesi yendalo, efumaneka ngokuhlukana kunye nokucoca.IHeliumifumaneka ikakhulu kumasimi e-oyile nerhasi angaphantsi komhlaba kunye nemithombo yamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba. Icandelo layo eliphambili lii-helium-4 isotopu, kunye nomxholo malunga ne-0.0005% yegesi. Ngokuqhelekileyoi-heliumigesi ingena kwinkqubo yokucoca kumashishini ukususa ukufuma, ioksijini, initrogen, ukungcola, njl.i-heliumigesi enobunyulu obuphezulu inokufumaneka.

Ubunyulu obuphezului-heliuminobunyulu obuphezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo ibhekisela ekucocekeni okungaphezulu kwe-99.999% (ezintlanu "ezisithoba" zococeko). Ubunyulu obuphezului-heliumisetyenziswa ikakhulu kuphando lwezenzululwazi kunye nemveliso yemizi-mveliso, efana nenyukliya magnetic resonance, superconducting magnetic, lasers, semiconductor production kunye nezinye iinkalo. Ubunyulu obuphezului-heliumngokubanzi iqhuba ulwahlulo olongezelelekileyo kunye neenkqubo zokucoca ukususa ukungcola ngakumbi kunye nokulawula umlinganiselo we-isotopu ukuhlangabezanai-heliumiimfuno zococeko kwiinkalo ezithile.

Okwesibini, malunga nobunyulu, ubunyulu obuphezului-heliumikholisa ukuba nyulu kunesiqheloi-helium. Ubunyulu budla ngokulinganiswa ngemigangatho efana "neesithoba ezihlanu" (99.999%), "iisithoba ezisithoba" (99.9999%), kunye "nezisithoba ezisithoba" (99.99999%). Imfuneko yokucoceka okuphezulu kokucoceka okuphezului-heliumkungenxa yokuba kweminye imimandla yesicelo, efana nokuveliswa kwesemiconductor kunye neresonance yemagnethi yenyukliya, nobukho bokungcola komkhondo bunokuba neempembelelo ezinkulu ekusebenzeni kwemveliso kunye neziphumo zovavanyo.

Okwesithathu, ubunyulu obuphezului-heliumkwaye eqhelekileyoi-heliumzikwahluka kwimimandla yesicelo. Ngokuqhelekileyoi-heliumisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi welding eqhelekileyo, laser cut, ductile iron igesi ekhuselwe iteknoloji welding kunye nezinye iinkalo. Kule mimandla, iimfuno zococeko zei-heliumziphantsi ngokwentelekiso, kwaye ziqhelekilei-heliumsele ekwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezininzi. Ubunyulu obuphezului-heliumisetyenziswa kwezinye iinkalo zobugcisa obuphezulu, ezifana nokuveliswa kwefiber optical, uphando lwezenzululwazi lwe-superconducting, uphando lwamandla enyukliya, ukuveliswa kwe-semiconductor, njl.

Ukongeza kwimihlaba yokucoceka kunye nesicelo, ukucoceka okuphezului-heliumkwaye eqhelekileyoi-heliumnazo ziyahluka kwiimpawu zokusebenza. Ubunyulu obuphezului-heliumineempawu zeekhemikhali ezizinzileyo, i-conductivity egqwesileyo ye-thermal kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi. Ukuzinza kwayo kweekhemikhali kwenza kube nzima ukucoceka okuphezului-heliumukusabela ngeekhemikhali kunye nezinye izinto, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuthembeka kwayo kwiimvavanyo kunye neenkqubo zemveliso yoshishino. Ngexesha elifanayo, i-thermal conductivity ye-high-purityi-heliumukwagqwesa ngokugqithisileyo, ukodlula kakhulu umoya, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ube namathemba osetyenziso olubanzi kwizixhobo zesikhenkcisi, imveliso yesemiconductor, ubunjineli benyukliya kunye neminye imimandla. Ukongeza, inzuzo ephantsi yoxinaniso lobunyulu obuphezului-heliumkwakhona yenza ukuba idlale indima yokuhlambulula kwimixube yerhasi, enokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuxinana kunye nokumelana nolwelo lwerhasi exutyiweyo.