Momwe Mungasiyanitsire Helium Yoyera Kwambiri ku Helium Wamba?

Helium, monga chinthu chachiŵiri chochuluka kwambiri m’chilengedwe chonse, chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m’mbali zambiri ndi mphamvu zake zapadera zakuthupi ndi makemikolo. Pakati pawo, ngakhale mkulu-chiyeroheliumndi wambaheliumonse awirihelium, ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu mu chiyero, kagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi machitidwe.

Helium, monga chinthu chachiŵiri chochuluka kwambiri m’chilengedwe chonse, chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m’mbali zambiri ndi mphamvu zake zapadera zakuthupi ndi makemikolo. Pakati pawo, ngakhale mkulu-chiyeroheliumndi wambaheliumonse awirihelium, ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu mu chiyero, kagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi machitidwe.

Choyambirira,heliumndi mankhwala okhala ndi nambala ya atomiki 2, kachulukidwe kochepa kwambiri, kopanda mtundu, kopanda fungo komanso kosapsa.Heliumamagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pozizira, kutentha, zakuthambo, kupanga semiconductor, kusanthula gasi ndi zina, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofufuza zasayansi ndi kupanga mafakitale.

Kumbali ya gwero la gasi, wambaheliummakamaka amachokeraheliummu gasi wachilengedwe, womwe umapezeka mwa kupatukana ndi kuyeretsedwa.Heliumimapezeka makamaka m'minda yamafuta ndi gasi yapansi panthaka komanso magwero amadzi apansi panthaka. Chigawo chake chachikulu ndihelium-4 isotopu, ndi zili pafupifupi 0.0005% ya mpweya. Wambaheliummpweya umakhala ndi njira yoyeretsera mafakitale kuti achotse chinyezi, mpweya, nayitrogeni, zonyansa, ndi zina, kenako wamba.heliumgasi wokhala ndi chiyero chapamwamba angapezeke.

Kuyera kwambiriheliumali ndi chiyero chapamwamba, nthawi zambiri amatanthauza chiyero choposa 99.999% ("zisanu" za chiyero). Kuyera kwambiriheliumamagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu kafukufuku wa sayansi ndi kupanga mafakitale, monga nyukiliya maginito resonance, superconducting maginito, lasers, semiconductor kupanga ndi madera ena. Kuyera kwambiriheliumnthawi zambiri amakumana ndi kulekanitsa bwino komanso njira zoyeretsera kuti achotse zonyansa zambiri ndikuwongolera magawo a isotopu kuti akwaniritse.heliumzofunika chiyero m'madera enieni.

Kachiwiri, ponena za chiyero, chiyero chapamwambaheliumnthawi zambiri amakhala oyera kuposa wambahelium. Chiyero nthawi zambiri chimayesedwa ndi miyezo monga "zisanu zisanu ndi zinayi" (99.999%), "zisanu ndi zinayi" (99.9999%), ndi "zisanu zisanu ndi ziwiri" (99.99999%). Chofunikira chapamwamba cha chiyero chapamwamba kwambiriheliumndi chifukwa m'magawo ena ogwiritsira ntchito, monga kupanga ma semiconductor ndi kumveka kwa maginito a nyukiliya, ngakhale kukhalapo kwa zonyansa kumatha kukhala ndi chiyambukiro chachikulu pakuchita kwazinthu ndi zotsatira zoyesera.

Chachitatu, chiyero chapamwambaheliumndi wambaheliumamasiyananso m'magawo ogwiritsira ntchito. Wambaheliumzimagwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera wamba, laser kudula, ductile chitsulo mpweya shielded luso kuwotcherera ndi zina. M'minda imeneyi, chiyero zofunika kwaheliumndi otsika, ndi wambaheliumakhoza kukwaniritsa zambiri zofunika. Kuyera kwambiriheliumimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo ena apamwamba kwambiri, monga kupanga makina opangira ma fiber, kafukufuku wasayansi wa superconducting, kafukufuku wamagetsi a nyukiliya, kupanga semiconductor, ndi zina zambiri.

Kuwonjezera chiyero ndi ntchito minda, mkulu-chiyeroheliumndi wambaheliumamasiyananso mu mawonekedwe a magwiridwe antchito. Kuyera kwambiriheliumali ndi makhalidwe a khola mankhwala katundu, kwambiri matenthedwe madutsidwe ndi otsika kachulukidwe. Kukhazikika kwake kwamankhwala kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuyeretsa kwambiriheliumkuchitapo kanthu ndi mankhwala ndi zinthu zina, motero kuonetsetsa kukhazikika kwake ndi kudalirika muzoyesera ndi njira zopangira mafakitale. Pa nthawi yomweyo, matenthedwe madutsidwe wa mkulu chiyeroheliumilinso yabwino kwambiri, yopambana kwambiri ya mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale ndi chiyembekezo chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri pazida zamafiriji, kupanga ma semiconductor, uinjiniya wa nyukiliya ndi magawo ena. Komanso, otsika osalimba mwayi mkulu-chiyeroheliumKomanso zimapangitsa kuti azigwira ntchito diluting mu zosakaniza mpweya, amene angathe kuchepetsa kachulukidwe ndi madzimadzi kukana wa mpweya wosanganiza.