Yanke "Dark Matter"? Gano Wani Sabon Nau'in Methanogenic Archaea

Kwanan nan, ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƙwayoyin cuta na anaerobic na Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyyar Kimiyya ta Biogas na Ma'aikatar Aikin Noma da Ƙarƙasa (wanda ake kira "Cibiyar Kimiyyar Biogas"), tare da haɗin gwiwar Jami'ar Wageningen da ke Netherlands da sauran cibiyoyi, sun gano tare da ware da kuma noma. wani sabon nau'in methanogenic archaea. An buga sakamakon da ya dace a cikin Nature.

Methanogenic archaea na ɗaya daga cikin mafi tsufa nau'ikan rayuwa a duniya, wanda ya bayyana a duniya kimanin shekaru biliyan 3.46 da suka wuce. Methanogenic archaea yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayin yanayin duniya na yanzu. Misali, methanogenic archaea yana ba da gudummawar kashi 70% na hayakin methane na duniya. Methane shine iskar gas na biyu mafi girma bayancarbon dioxide, kuma tasirinsa na dumama shine sau 28 nacarbon dioxide, lissafin kashi 20% na tasirin greenhouse na duniya. Bugu da kari, methanogenic archaea suna shiga cikin aiwatar da juyar da kwayoyin halittar karkashin kasa zuwamethanekumacarbon dioxide, kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin zagayowar carbon na duniya. Methanogenic archaea suna da alhakin gyara 2% na carbon na duniya kowace shekara.

Ra'ayin gargajiya shine cewa methanogenic archaea na cikin phylum Euryarchaeota a cikin yankin Archaea. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, bisa ga wasu bincike na asali, al'ummar ilimi sun ba da shawarar cewa ba Erythroarchaeota methanogenic archaea suna yadu a cikin yanayi, kuma sun yi hasashen cewa ban dasamar da methane, waɗannan sababbin archaea kuma suna da damar da ba za su iya ba.methanemetabolism kamar fermentation girma da sulfur hadawan abu da iskar shaka.

"Methanogenic archaea wani nau'in microorganism ne wanda ke tsiro ta hanyar samar da methane don samun makamashi, amma idan suna da marasa lafiya.methanena rayuwa damar kamar fermentation girma da sulfur hadawan abu da iskar shaka, da muhimmancin methanogenic archaea a duniya kashi sake zagayowar zai canza, "in ji Cheng Lei, daidai mawallafin na takarda da kuma babban masanin kimiyya na anaerobic microbial innovation tawagar na Cibiyar Biodiversity. Don haka. ya zuwa yanzu, wadannan archaea suna cikin yanayin "bakar duhu" kuma babu wata al'ada mai tsabta, don haka wannan ra'ayi bai tabbatar da shi ta hanyar bincike ba.

Halin "Dark matter" yana nufin gaskiyar cewa masana kimiyya sun sami kwayoyin halittar archaea ta hanyar fasaha na sequencing, amma kasancewar kwayoyin halitta ba yana nufin cewa za a bayyana su ba, wato, ba lallai ba ne su yi aiki a cikin muhalli. Sabili da haka, don tabbatar da wannan ra'ayi, ya zama dole a raba archaea, samun nau'i ɗaya, wato, al'ada mai tsabta, sa'an nan kuma gudanar da gwaje-gwajen aikin ilimin lissafin jiki don tabbatar da bayyanar kwayar halitta.

A ra'ayin Dong Xiuzhu, wani mai bincike a cibiyar nazarin halittu ta ilmin halitta, kwalejin kimiyyar kasar Sin, wannan binciken ya ba da rahoton sabon rukunin farko na juyin halitta na archaea na methanogenic wanda ba ya cikin na gargajiya, wanda ya fadada iyakokin abubuwan da ake kira methanogenic archaea. Bugu da ƙari, irin wannan nau'in archaea wanda ke samar da methane ta hanyar rage abubuwan methyl tare da hydrogen da hanyoyin su na rayuwa ana rarraba su sosai a cikin wuraren da ke karkashin kasa na rashin iskar oxygen a duniya, wanda ke nuna cewa suna ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga duniya.methanefitar da hayaki.